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Jonathan
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The equilibrium potential (sometimes called the Nernst potential) for a single ion over a semipermeable membrane is mathematically described by the Nernst equation. It gives a rough estimate of the electrical potential difference that would counteract the ion's propensity to move due to the gradient in its concentration. The equation has the name of its creator, German physicist Walther Nernst.
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The Nernst equation is as follows:
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E = RT / zF ln[ ion ] outside /[ ion ] inside
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Where:
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The Nernst equation essentially calculates the electrical potential that would exist across a membrane if the ion were at equilibrium, meaning that the ion's diffusion due to its concentration gradient is exactly balanced by its electrical attraction due to the membrane potential.
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It's important to note that the Nernst equation is a simplified model and assumes certain conditions, such as the membrane being permeable to only one type of ion and that the ion's movement is solely driven by its concentration gradient and electrostatic forces. In reality, the membrane potential of cells is influenced by the permeabilities and concentrations of multiple ions, as well as other factors like active transport mechanisms.
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The Nernst equation can be used to predict the membrane potential resulting from permeability to a single ion. It provides an estimate of the equilibrium potential for a specific ion across a cell membrane, based on the ratio of its concentrations inside and outside the cell.
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Final Answer
In summary, the Nernst equation is a simplified model that provides the equilibrium potential for a single ion based on its concentration gradient. It doesn't account for the complexities of multiple ions, changing ion concentrations, or the combined effect of various permeable ions on the membrane potential.
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