Feb 2024 Update: Part II. Equilibria Involving Sparingly Soluble Salt. 10. To 0.5 mL (10 drops) of 0.1 M Na2CO3 in a clean

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Part II. Equilibria Involving Sparingly Soluble Salt. 10. To 0.5 mL (10 drops) of 0.1 M Na2CO3 in a clean test tube add 10 drops of 0.01 M AgNO3. Observation: Write the equilibrium reaction: 11. Add 6 M HNO3 dropwise into the above test tube in 10 Observation: Write the equilibrium reaction: 12. Add 0.1 M HCl dropwise into the above test tube in 10 Observation: Write the equilibrium reaction: 13. Add 15 M NH3 dropwise into the above same test tube until some visible changes occurs Observation: Write the equilibrium reaction: Did the precipitate AgCl dissolve? Explain 14. Acidify the above solution in test tube 10 by dropwise addition of 6 M HNO3 Observation: Write the equilibrium reaction: What effect did the addition of HNO3 have on the contents of the test tube? Explain 15. Add 15 M NH3 dropwise into the same test tube What effect did the addition of NH3 have on the contents of the test tube? Explain Part III. Effect of Temperature on Equilibrial Take about 1 mL of 1.0 M CoCl2 solution in a test tube and place the test tube in a boiling water bath without spilling the contents. 17. Color of cold CoCl2 solution Color of the hot CoCl2 solution Write the equilibrium reaction Identify the exothermic and endothermic conversions from the equilibrium

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$Solution-\n14.) observation - On adding nitric acid white precipitate\nReaction - [Ag (NH₂), ]Cl¯ + 2 HNO3 → AgCl + 2NH ₂ NG 3$

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<h2>Movie ticket discounts revisited</h2><h2>CSW8 Learning Goals</h2>In this lab, you will:<ul><li>build on the solution to the 3.15 LAB: Movie ticket discounts</li><li>define and call a function with multiple parameters - you will need to add a new parameter to your previous solution</li><li>use the result of a function as part of the main program - the function will now return a list and a new error code</li><li>practice creating a new list and <code>append</code>ing new elements to it</li><li>check the type of the variable is a list by using <code>if type(variableName) == list</code></li></ul><h2>Main Idea</h2>This lab is based on the 3.15 LAB: Movie ticket discounts.Your goal is to write a new function <code>get_ticket_price_discount()</code>, that builds on the <code>get_ticket_price()</code> and takes the following parameters:<ul><li>a base price (float) - no longer hard-coded in the function</li><li>an age (integer)</li><li>a student status (Boolean)</li><li>a military status (Boolean)</li><li>a first-responder status (Boolean)</li></ul>The function returns a list that has any discounts that were applied to the resulting price (in the order they were applied) and the computed movie ticket price as the last element of the list.The function returns error codes if the base price or the age are not valid.<h2>Instructions to write the function</h2>If the base price is 1 or less, the function returns <code>0</code> as an integer.Otherwise, the function sets the ticket base price to be the provided base price parameter.If the age is not valid, the function returns <code>-1</code> as an integer.<ul><li>If the Age 12 and under, the function subtracts $3 from the base price.</li><li>If the Age 65 and older, the function subtracts $2.</li></ul>In preparation for applying discounts, the function creates an empty list.The function then independently checks the provided statuses in the order listed below and applies the following discounts:<ul><li>30% discount to students</li><li>25% - to military</li><li>20% - to first-responders</li></ul>If any of the discounts were applied, the function stores the discount percentage as an integer in a list.<ul><li>E.g., if the discount was 30% for a student ticket, the list would store <code>[30]</code>.</li><li>Make sure you write the the checking of the statuses in the order specified above.</li></ul>The function returns a list that has all discounts that were applied to the resulting ticket price (in the order that they were applied) and includes the computed movie ticket price (as a float) as the last element of the list.The function should not be rounding the result.<h2>The main program</h2>Get the price as a float input from the user.Get the age as an integer input from the user.Get the necessary statuses as an input string from the user:<ul><li>next, collect their response whether they are a student, then if they are military, and then if they are a first-responder.</li><li>If the user input <code>"yes"</code>, then convert the variable to the Boolean <code>True</code>; otherwise, set the status to <code>False</code>.</li><li>To convert the user input, use the <code>convert_yes_no()</code> function that was developed in class.</li></ul>Before calling the function output a debugging print statement showing the arguments that are going to be passed into the function.<ul><li><code>print("Calling the function with", ..., ..., ..., ..., ...)</code></li></ul>Call the function <code>get_ticket_price_discount()</code> with the provided input arguments to get the result.<ul><li>Display the value that was returned from the function: <code>print("The function returned", ...)</code></li></ul>After we call the function, we can examine the returned value/object to determine what to output.<ol><li>If the function returns a list (check using the <code>type()</code> function):<ul><li>If the list contains a single element:<ul><li>Display the output as follows: <code>print(f'No discounts were applied.\nMovie ticket price: ${...:.2f}')</code>.</li><li>Remember to retrieve/index the first element of the list, otherwise, you will see the <code>[</code> square brackets <code>]</code> in the output.</li></ul></li><li>Otherwise, the list has more than one element, which means that the discounts were applied and we can display them.<ul><li>Use the <code>if len(...)</code> branches to detect how many discounts to output: you will need 3 branches in order to display the result correctly.</li><li>Display the output as follows: <code>print(f'Discount applied: {...}%')</code> for each discount that is stored in the list.</li><li>Finally, display the <code>print(f'Movie ticket price: ${...:.2f}')</code> using the last element stored in the list. You can use <code>list_name[-1]</code> or <code>list_name[len(list_name)-1]</code> substituting your list's name for <code>list_name</code>.</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>Otherwise, if the function didn't return a list (i.e., it returned an integer error) display <code>Invalid input</code></li></ol>As before, remember to round the price to 2 decimal places in your main program!<h2>Testing the code</h2>The set up is the same as in the 3.15 LAB: Movie ticket discounts, except that you are providing one more input value - the base ticket price - as the input in the main program, which uses it as the argument into your function.If we call the new function with the same base price as what we used before, we should see that the returned value should still be the same as what we calculated previously.<h4>A 67-year old veteran (not a student nor a first-responder)</h4>For example, if the input is<pre><code class="language-plaintext">14.0 67 no yes no </code></pre>the return value from the function is<pre><code class="language-plaintext">[25, 9.0] </code></pre>and the output from the main program is<pre><code class="language-plaintext">Calling the function with 14.0 67 False True False The function returned [25, 9.0] Discount applied: 25% Movie ticket price: $9.00 </code></pre><h2>Troubleshooting / Hints</h2><ul><li>check for the validity of the price and then the user age first, before computing any prices.</li><li>Make sure you write the function logic in the order specified by the instructions.</li><li>remember that the function expects Boolean values, not strings "yes" or "no" (as indicated in the documentation)</li><li>To get the last element stored in the list, you can use <code>list_name[-1]</code> or <code>list_name[len(list_name)-1]</code> substituting your list's name for <code>list_name</code>.</li><li>The unit test is calling your function with the values that you are outputting as part of your debugging print statements in the main program.</li></ul><h3>Debugging your code</h3>If you take that output and then give it as the arguments into your function, you can print the result that comes back from the function to see if it is correct.For example, for the test that is “Calling the function with <code>14.0 35 True False True</code>”, you can check what the function returns by hard-coding these values at the end of your main program to see the output:<pre><code class="language-plaintext">print("Calling the function with 14.0 35 True False True") result = get_ticket_price(14.0, 35, True, False, True) print("The function returned", result) </code></pre> This is 3.15 code below: def get_ticket_price(age, is_student, is_military, is_first_responder):    """    This function takes as an argument    param: age (int) - the age of the customer    param: is_student (bool) - whether the customer is a student    param: is_military (bool) - whether the customer is/was in the military    param: ... (bool) - whether the customer is a first responder        The function returns a floating-point value corresponding to the     computed movie ticket price.        If the age is not a value greater than 0,    the function returns an integer -1.    """    ticket_price = 14.0    if age <= 0:        return -1    elif age <= 12:        ticket_price -= 3    elif age >= 65:        ticket_price -= 2    if is_student:        ticket_price *= 0.7    if is_military:        ticket_price *= 0.75    if is_first_responder:        ticket_price *= 0.8    return ticket_pricedef convert_yes_no(input_string):        if input_string.lower() == "yes":        return True    elif input_string.lower() == "no":        return False    else:        return None    if __name__ == "__main__":    age = int(input())        student_response = input()    is_student = convert_yes_no(student_response)        military_response = input()    is_military = convert_yes_no(military_response)        responder_response = input()    is_responder = convert_yes_no(responder_response)        print("Calling the function with", age, is_student, is_military, is_responder)    result = get_ticket_price(age, is_student, is_military, is_responder)    if result == -1:        print("Invalid age")    else:        print(f"Movie ticket price: ${result:.2f}")

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