Answer

The main causes of desertification in Africa are climate change and human activities.

Explanation

Desertification in Africa is primarily caused by two main factors:1. Climate Change: Changes in climate lead to higher temperatures and drier conditions, which create a more conducive environment for desertification. Reduced rainfall and irregular precipitation patterns make it difficult for vegetation to grow naturally, accelerating the process of desertification.2. Human Activities: Deforestation, unsustainable agricultural practices (such as overgrazing and inappropriate farming techniques), and excessive water usage all contribute to desertification in Africa. The increasing population puts pressure on the land through over-cultivation and excessive grazing, exceeding the environmental carrying capacity and resulting in unproductive land.It is important to note that while desertification poses significant challenges, there are efforts being made in Africa to address these issues through sustainable land management practices, agricultural reforms, and the promotion of alternative livelihoods that are less dependent on the condition of the land.