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Question 3(1 point) What effect can bottleneck events have on populations that have nearly become extinct? Bottleneck events lead to increased gene flow and genetic variation. Bottleneck events leads to founder effect and eventually increase genetic diversity. Bottleneck events reduce the size of the population and greatly reduce genetic variation. Bottleneck events have no impact on populations that have nearly become extinct.

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Bottleneck events reduce the size of the population and greatly reduce genetic variation.

Explanation

A bottleneck event is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events or human activities. This sudden decrease in population size can cause a corresponding decrease in genetic variation. This is because the surviving population is likely to be genetically less diverse than the original population, due to genetic drift. Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution in which allele frequencies of a population change over generations due to chance (sampling error). During a bottleneck event, many alleles, or gene variants, may be lost, reducing the genetic variability of the population. This can have long-term effects on the population, including reduced adaptability to new environmental conditions and increased susceptibility to genetic diseases.

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