Answer

1. periods of revolution2. orbital velocities3. mean distances from the Sun4. equatorial diametersThe correct answer is that compared to Jupiter and Saturn, Venus and Mars have greater periods of revolution and smaller mean distances from the Sun and equatorial diameters. The comparison of orbital velocities is not straightforward without additional context, but it is generally true that closer planets have higher orbital velocities due to their shorter distances from the Sun.

Explanation

To answer this question, we need to consider the properties of Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn in relation to their orbits around the Sun.1. Periods of revolution: The period of revolution is the time it takes for a planet to complete one orbit around the Sun. Venus takes about 225 Earth days to orbit the Sun, Mars takes about 687 Earth days, Jupiter takes about 12 Earth years, and Saturn takes about 29 Earth years. Therefore, Venus and Mars have shorter periods of revolution compared to Jupiter and Saturn.2. Orbital velocities: Orbital velocity is the speed at which a planet orbits the Sun. Since Venus and Mars are closer to the Sun than Jupiter and Saturn, they generally have higher orbital velocities. However, this is not a direct comparison of the two pairs of planets, as the orbital velocities can vary greatly depending on the distance from the Sun and the plane of the orbit.3. Mean distances from the Sun: The mean distance from the Sun, also known as the semi-major axis, is a measure of how far a planet is from the Sun on average. Venus is approximately 108 million kilometers from the Sun, Mars is about 227 million kilometers, Jupiter is about 778 million kilometers, and Saturn is about 1.4 billion kilometers. Thus, Venus and Mars have shorter mean distances from the Sun compared to Jupiter and Saturn.4. Equatorial diameters: The equatorial diameter is the width of a planet at its widest point. Jupiter and Saturn are both much larger than Venus and Mars, with diameters of about 143,000 kilometers and 116,460 kilometers, respectively. Venus has a diameter of about 12,104 kilometers, and Mars has a diameter of about 6,779 kilometers. Therefore, Venus and Mars have smaller equatorial diameters compared to Jupiter and Saturn.