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Name: qquad Base your answer to the following question on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents the elliptical orbit for one planet in our solar system. The two foci of the orbit are shown as the Sun and F2. (Not drawn to scale) Which condition would produce an orbit with a greater eccentricity? (1) a decrease in the distance between the Sun and F_(2) (2) an increase in the distance between the Sun and F_(2) (3) a constant increase in the orbital velocity of the planet (4) a constant decrease in the orbital velocity of the planet 2) Which planet's orbit around the Sun is most nearly circular? (1) Neptune (2) Pluto (3) Venus (4) Mercury 3) When the distance between the foci of an ellipse is increased, the eccentricity of the ellipse will (1) decrease (3) remain the same (2) increase 4) Which planet has the least distance between the two foci of its elliptical orbit? (1) Jupiter (2) Earth (3) Mars (4) Venus

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Elijah

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Explanation:1) The eccentricity of an orbit is a measure of how much the orbit deviates from a perfect circle. It is defined as the ratio of the distance between the two foci of the ellipse to the length of the major axis. Therefore, an increase in the distance between the Sun and F_{2} would result in a greater eccentricity.2) The planet with the most circular orbit (i.e., the least eccentric) is Venus. Its orbit has an eccentricity of approximately 0.007, which is the smallest of all the planets in the solar system.3) As mentioned earlier, the eccentricity of an ellipse is defined as the ratio of the distance between the two foci to the length of the major axis. Therefore, when the distance between the foci of an ellipse is increased, the eccentricity of the ellipse will increase.4) Venus has the least distance between the two foci of its elliptical orbit. This is because it has the most circular (least eccentric) orbit of all the planets in the solar system.Answer:1) (2) an increase in the distance between the Sun and F_{2} 2) (3) Venus3) (2) increase4) (4) Venus

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